Intshayelelo koomatshini bokutya
Ishishini lokutya lishishini lokuqala elikhulu kwishishini lemveliso yehlabathi. Kolu thungelwano lwandisiweyo lwemizi-mveliso, inqanaba lophuculo lokulungiswa kokutya, ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nokupakishwa kokutya kunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nomgangatho wobomi babantu kwaye luphawu olubalulekileyo olubonisa inqanaba lophuhliso lwesizwe. Ukususela kwizinto eziluhlaza, iteknoloji yokucubungula, iimveliso ezigqityiweyo, ukupakishwa kokugqibela kokusetyenziswa, yonke inkqubo yokuhamba iyinkimbinkimbi, idibanisa, ikhonkco nganye ayinakuhlukaniswa nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho wehlabathi lokuqala kunye neqonga lokurhweba lokuhamba kolwazi.
I-1, Ingcamango yoomatshini bokutya kunye nokuhlelwa
Oomatshini bokutya bakwimveliso yezolimo kunye ne-sideline njengezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kweemveliso ezityiwayo ezisetyenziswa kufakelo lomatshini kunye nezixhobo. Ishishini lokulungisa ukutya libandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lomhlaba, olunje ngeswekile, iziselo, iimveliso zobisi, iipastries, iilekese, amaqanda, imifuno, iziqhamo, iimveliso zasemanzini, ioyile kunye namafutha, iziqholo, ukutya kwebento, iimveliso zesoya, inyama, utywala, ukutya okunkonkxiweyo. , njl., ishishini ngalinye linezixhobo zokusebenza ezihambelanayo. Ngokutsho kokusebenza koomatshini bokutya banokwahlulwa babe ngoomatshini bokutya benjongo-jikelele kunye noomatshini bokutya obukhethekileyo iindidi ezimbini. Oomatshini bokutya ngokubanzi, kubandakanywa oomatshini bokulahla izinto ezikrwada (ezifana nokucoca, ukususa ukuxuba, ukwahlula kunye nokukhethwa koomatshini kunye nezixhobo), oomatshini abaqinileyo kunye nomgubo wokulahlwa (njengokutyumza, ukusika, ukutyumza oomatshini kunye nezixhobo), oomatshini bokulahla ulwelo (abanjalo njengoomatshini bokwahlula izigaba ezininzi, oomatshini bokuxuba, izixhobo ze-homogenizer emulsification, oomatshini bokulinganisa ulwelo, njl. njl.), izixhobo zokomisa (ezifana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo lomoya kunye noomatshini bokumisa i-vacuum), izixhobo zokubhaka (kubandakanywa nohlobo lwebhokisi esisigxina, I-Rotary, i-chain-belt yokubhaka izixhobo) kunye neentlobo zamatanki asetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokucubungula.
I-2, oomatshini bokutya abasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo izinto
Ukuveliswa kokutya kunendlela yayo ekhethekileyo, ebonakaliswa: ukudibana namanzi, oomatshini abaphantsi kwamaqondo aphezulu; bahlala besebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu okanye aphantsi, oomatshini kumahluko weqondo lobushushu kwindawo engqongileyo; ukunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nokutya kunye nemithombo yeendaba ezonakalisayo, izinto zoomatshini zinxiba kwaye zikrazula ezinkulu. Ke ngoko, ekukhetheni oomatshini bokutya kunye nezixhobo zezixhobo, ngakumbi oomatshini bokutya kunye nezinto zokunxibelelana nokutya, ukongeza ukuqwalasela uyilo lomatshini ngokubanzi ukuhlangabezana neempawu zoomatshini ezinje ngamandla, ukuqina, ukuxhathisa ukungcangcazela, njl. njl., kodwa kufuneka uhlawule. ingqalelo kule migaqo ilandelayo:
Akufuneki iqulathe izinto eziyingozi kwimpilo yabantu okanye ukutya kunokuvelisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali.
Kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nomhlwa kunye nomhlwa.
Kufuneka kube lula ukuyicoca kwaye inokugcinwa ixesha elide ngaphandle kokutshintsha kombala.
Kufuneka ikwazi ukugcina iipropathi ezilungileyo zoomatshini kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi.
Ngokwale migaqo ingasentla, ukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli kumashishini oomatshini bokutya zezi:
Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo
Insimbi engenasici yintsimbi ye-alloy enokumelana nokubola emoyeni okanye kwimithombo yeendaba ezonakalisayo. Ukubunjwa okusisiseko kwensimbi engenasici yi-iron-chromium alloy kunye ne-iron-chromium-nickel alloy, ngaphezu kwezinye izinto ezinokongezwa, ezifana ne-zirconium, i-titanium, i-molybdenum, i-manganese, i-platinum, i-tungsten, ithusi, i-nitrogen, njl. .. Ngenxa yokubunjwa okuhlukeneyo, iipropati zokumelana ne-corrosion ziyahluka. I-iron kunye ne-chromium zizinto ezisisiseko zetsimbi ezahlukahlukeneyo, uqheliselo luye lwabonisa ukuba xa intsimbi iqulethe i-chromium ngaphezu kwe-12%, inokuxhathisa ukubola kwemithombo yeendaba ezahlukeneyo, umxholo we-chromium wensimbi engenasici awudluli kuma-28%. Insimbi engenasici ineenzuzo zokuxhathisa i-corrosion, i-stainless steel, i-stainless steel, i-stainless steel, i-discoloration, akukho konakala kunye nokutya okuqhotyoshelweyo kulula ukukususa kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, iipropati zemishini yokushisa ephantsi, njalo njalo, ngoko ke kumatshini wokutya kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Insimbi engenasici isetyenziswa ikakhulu kumatshini wokucoca iimpompo, iivalvu, imibhobho, amatanki, iimbiza, abatshintshisi bobushushu, izixhobo zokuxinanisa, izitya zokucoca, njl. amatanki kwaye ngenxa umhlwa yayo iya kuchaphazela izixhobo ucoceko ukutya, kwakhona usebenzise intsimbi stainless.
Intsimbi
Intsimbi yekhabhoni eqhelekileyo kunye nentsimbi ephosiweyo ayiyokumelana nokugqwala kakuhle, kulula ukugqwala, kwaye akufuneki inxibelelane ngokuthe ngqo nemithombo yeendaba yokutya eyonakalisayo, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zokuthwala umthwalo wesakhiwo. Intsimbi kunye nentsimbi zizinto ezifanelekileyo zokunxiba eziphantsi kwezixhobo ezomileyo, kuba i-iron-carbon alloys ingaba nezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ze-metallographic ezingagugiyo ngokulawula ukubunjwa kwazo kunye nokuphathwa kobushushu. I-iron ngokwayo ayinabungozi emzimbeni womntu, kodwa xa idibana ne-tannin kunye nezinye izinto, iyakukhupha umbala wokutya. Umhlwa we-iron unokubangela umonakalo owenziwe ngoomatshini emzimbeni womntu xa uvuthelwe ekutyeni. Izinto zentsimbi kunye nentsimbi zineenzuzo zazo ezizodwa ekuxhathiseni ukunxiba, ukuxhathisa ukukhathala, ukuxhathisa impembelelo, njl. Ngoko ke, zisasetyenziswa ngokubanzi koomatshini bokutya eChina, ngokukodwa oomatshini bokwenza umgubo, oomatshini bokwenza ipasta, oomatshini bokufunxa, njl. esetyenzisiweyo, ubuninzi bentsimbi ye-carbon, ikakhulukazi i-45 kunye ne-A3 yensimbi. Ezi ntsimbi zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiindawo zesakhiwo soomatshini bokutya, kwaye eyona nto isetyenziswayo yintsimbi yentsimbi engwevu, esetyenziswa kwisitulo somatshini, i-press roll kunye nezinye iindawo ezifuna ukungcangcazela kunye nokumelana nokunxiba. I-Ductile iron kunye nentsimbi emhlophe isetyenziselwa apho iimpawu zomatshini ziphezulu kwaye ukuxhatshazwa kokugqoka kuyadingeka, ngokulandelanayo.
Iintsimbi ezingenayo intsimbi
Izinto zetsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous kumatshini wokutya ziyi-alloy ye-aluminium, i-alloy yobhedu ecocekileyo kunye ne-alloy yobhedu, njl njl. Iindidi zokutya apho i-aluminiyam ialloy isetyenziswa khona ikakhulu ziicarbohydrates, amafutha, iimveliso zobisi njalo njalo. Nangona kunjalo, i-organic acids kunye nezinye izinto ezidliwayo zinokubangela ukubola kwe-aluminiyam kunye ne-aluminium alloy phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ukonakala kwe-aluminiyam kunye ne-alloy ye-aluminium kumatshini wokutya, kwelinye icala, kuchaphazela ubomi benkonzo yoomatshini, kwelinye icala, izinto ezitshabalalisayo ekutyeni kwaye zibeke impilo yabantu emngciphekweni. Ubhedu olusulungekileyo, olukwabizwa ngokuba lubhedu olumfusa, luphawulwa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-thermal conductivity, ngoko ke luhlala lusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokuqhuba ubushushu, esinokusetyenziswa ukwenza iintlobo ngeentlobo zokutshintsha ubushushu. Nangona ubhedu luneqondo elithile lokumelana nomhlwa, kodwa ubhedu kwezinye izithako zokutya, ezifana ne-vitamin C kunempembelelo eyingozi, ngaphezu kwezinye iimveliso (ezifana neemveliso zobisi) nazo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezikhongozelo zobhedu kunye nevumba. Ngoko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo ayisetyenziswanga ngokudibana ngokuthe ngqo nokutya, kodwa isetyenziswe kwizixhobo ezifana nokutshintsha ubushushu okanye izifudumezi zomoya kwiinkqubo zefriji. Ngokubanzi, oomatshini bokutya kunye nezixhobo, xa sele zinezinyithi ezingezizo i-ferrous ezingentla zokwenza uqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo kunye namalungu okutya okanye izinto zokwakha, ziya zixhathisa i-corrosion-resistant kunye nococeko olululo kwiipropathi zentsimbi okanye izinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi ezithatha indawo.
Non-metal
Kwisakhiwo soomatshini bokutya, ngaphezu kokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintle zetsimbi, kodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezinto ezingezizo zetsimbi. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi kumatshini wokutya kunye nezixhobo ikakhulu yiplastiki. Iiplastiki ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziyi-polyethylenes, i-polypropylene, i-polystyrene, i-polytetrafluoroethylene iplastiki kunye ne-phenolic yeplastiki equlethe umgubo kunye ne-fiber filler, iplastiki elaminethiweyo, i-epoxy resin, i-polyamide, imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo ye-foam, iplastiki ye-polycarbonate, njl. . Ekukhethweni koomatshini bokutya beplastiki kunye nezixhobo zepolymer, kufuneka zisekelwe kwindawo yokutya kwiimfuno zempilo kunye ne-quarantine kunye nemimiselo echaphazelekayo yezempilo yesizwe kunye namagunya okuvalelwa ukuze kuvumeleke ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokukhetha. Ngokubanzi, apho ukudibana ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokutya kwepolymeric izinto kufuneka kuqinisekise ukuba akukho tyhefu ngokupheleleyo kwaye akukho bungozi ebantwini, akufuneki kuzise ivumba elibi ekutyeni kwaye kuchaphazele incasa yokutya, akufuneki kunyibilike okanye kudumbe kwindawo yokutya, singasathethi ke ngokutya. ukusabela kweekhemikhali ngokutya. Ngoko ke, oomatshini bokutya akufanele basetyenziswe kwiipolymers eziphantsi ze-molecular eziqukethe amanzi okanye ziqulethe ii-monomers ezinzima, kuba iipolima ezinjalo zihlala zinetyhefu. Ezinye iiplastiki zisebenza ekwaluphaleni okanye kubushushu obuphezulu, obufana nobushushu obuphezulu, zinokubolisa iimonomers ezinyibilikayo kwaye zisasazeke ekutyeni, ukuze ukonakala kokutya.
I-3, Ukukhethwa kwemigaqo yoomatshini bokutya kunye neemfuno
Umthamo wemveliso yezixhobo kufuneka uhlangabezane neemfuno zomlinganiselo wemveliso. Ekukhetheni okanye ekuyilweni kwezixhobo, amandla ayo okuvelisa ukulungelelanisa amandla okuvelisa ezinye izixhobo kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa, ukwenzela ukuba izixhobo zibe neyona ndlela iphezulu yokusetyenziswa, kungekhona ukubaleka ixesha liyancipha libe lincinci.
I-1, Ayivumeli ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinto eziluhlaza nomxholo wezondlo, kufuneka ukwandise umxholo wezondlo.
I-2, Ayivumeli ukutshatyalaliswa kwencasa yokuqala yezinto eziluhlaza.
I-3, ihambelana nococeko lokutya.
I-4, Umgangatho wemveliso eveliswa sisixhobo kufuneka uhlangabezane nomgangatho.
I-5, Ukusebenza okunokwenzeka, kunye nezibonakaliso ezifanelekileyo zobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho. Isixhobo kufuneka sikwazi ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye namandla, okanye sibe nesixhobo sokuphinda sisetyenziswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso inexabiso eliphantsi zui. Ungcoliseko oluphantsi kokusingqongileyo.
I-6, Ukuze kuqinisekiswe iimeko ezicocekileyo zokuveliswa kokutya, aba matshini kunye nezixhobo kufuneka kube lula ukudibanisa kunye nokuhlamba.
I-7, Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukubonakala kobukhulu bomatshini omnye buncinci, ubunzima obulula, inxalenye yokuhambisa ifakwe kakhulu kwi-rack, kulula ukuhamba.
I-8, njengoko aba matshini kunye nezixhobo kunye namanzi, i-asidi, i-alkali kunye namanye amathuba oqhagamshelwano amaninzi, iimfuno zezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zikwazi ukunqanda ukubola kunye nokuthintela umhlwa, kunye noqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo kunye neengxenye zemveliso, kufuneka zisetyenziswe izinto zensimbi ezingenasici. . Iinjini zombane kufuneka zikhethwe uhlobo lobungqina bokufuma, kwaye umgangatho wamacandelo okuzilawula ulungile kwaye unomsebenzi olungileyo wobungqina bokufuma.
I-9, ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso yefektri yokutya kwaye inokuchwetheza ngakumbi, iimfuno zoomatshini bayo kunye nezixhobo zilula ukulungelelanisa, kulula ukutshintsha i-mold, ukugcinwa lula, kwaye kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukwenza umatshini weenjongo ezininzi.
I-10, Funa aba matshini kunye nezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo nezithembekileyo, kulula ukulawula, kulula ukusebenza, kulula ukwenza kunye notyalo-mali oluncinci.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-01-2023